An exploration of setting capital market expectations and the major tools of economic analysis. We first review the framework for developing expectations, then focus on macroeconomic analysis. We conclude with expectation setting for specific asset classes.
CFA® Level III Exam
The CFA Level 3 exam is the concluding exam of three required by the CFA Institute. Once you pass this Level 3 exam and have also acquired a minimum of 48 months of relevant work experience and required references, you will be eligible to receive your CFA Charter.
Setting Expectations
Set aside the time
According to the CFA Institute, the 10-year average pass rate for the CFA Level III exam is 54%. In total, candidates report investing more than 300 hours into their studies for each level of the CFA exam.
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Important Dates
Registration Opens: May 9, 2024
Registration Closes: Nov 7, 2024
Exam Dates: Feb 13 - 16, 2025
Results are provided 6-8 weeks after exam -
Exam Information
Multiple-choice item sets and constructed response essay sets will be mixed within two exam sessions.
Each session will have either 6 item sets and 5 essay sets, or 5 item sets and 6 essay sets -
Enrollment Information
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Question Format
11 essay sets and 11 item sets, for 12 points each
Level III 2024 Curriculum
Topics, Weights, and Content Offerings
Economics
We Prepare You With Over
- 18,000+ Words in manuals
- 135+ Minutes of video
- 15+ Assignments questions
- 70+ Quiz and Exam questions
Derivatives
An illustration of how to use derivatives in investment decisions. We start by examining option strategies, then review swaps, forwards, and futures strategies. The topic concludes with an exploration of managing currency exposures.
We Prepare You With Over
- 21,800+ Words in manuals
- 225+ Minutes of video
- 20+ Assignments questions
- 115+ Quiz and Exam questions
Fixed Income
An overview of fixed-income portfolio management. We examine liability-driven and index-based strategies in greater detail, then cover yield curve and credit strategies for fixed-income portfolios.
We Prepare You With Over
- 26,000+ Words in manuals
- 245+ Minutes of video
- 30+ Assignments questions
- 95+ Quiz and Exam questions
Equity Investments
An overview of equity portfolio management leads into a discussion of two approaches for managing equity portfolio. Both passive and active equity strategies are included.
We Prepare You With Over
- 15,800+ Words in manuals
- 195+ Minutes of video
- 30+ Assignments questions
- 95+ Quiz and Exam questions
Alternative Investments
An exploration of hedge fund strategies, followed by a discussion of asset allocation to alternative investments. Learn why alternative investments present risk and return characteristics unique from traditional investments.
We Prepare You With Over
- 17,400+ Words in manuals
- 140+ Minutes of video
- 10+ Assignments questions
- 70+ Quiz and Exam questions
Portfolio Management (Part I)
An overview of private wealth management and a deeper exploration of the topic. We explore risk management for individuals and portfolio management for institutional investors.
We Prepare You With Over
- 43,500+ Words in manuals
- 380+ Minutes of video
- 35+ Assignments questions
- 145+ Quiz and Exam questions
Portfolio Management (Part II)
An overview of asset allocation and its principles. We discuss how real-world constraints impact asset allocation decisions. We conclude by covering various trade strategies and executions, performance evaluation, and investment manager selection.
We Prepare You With Over
- 33,000+ Words in manuals
- 355+ Minutes of video
- 50+ Assignments questions
- 185+ Quiz and Exam questions
Ethical and Professional Standards
An exploration of ethics in the investment profession. Through case studies, we illustrate practical application of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct. We conclude with two real-world violations with resulting regulatory actions.
We Prepare You With Over
- 16,900+ Words in manuals
- 195+ Minutes of video
- 30+ Assignments questions
- 90+ Quiz and Exam questions
Level III Portfolio Management 2025 Curriculum
Topics, Weights, and Content Offerings
Asset Allocation
This module focuses on forecasting market returns and building effective asset allocations. It addresses economic data challenges, strategic asset allocation, and advanced techniques like the Black-Litterman model. Real-world considerations such as liquidity, taxes, and behavioral biases are also explored, providing a well-rounded approach to asset allocation strategies.
We Prepare You With Over
- 27,700+ Words in manuals
- 270+ Minutes of video
- 40+ Assignments questions
- 155+ Quiz and Exam questions
Portfolio Construction
This module covers the roles of equities and fixed-income in portfolios, including capital appreciation, income, diversification, and cost management. It addresses active vs. passive strategies, segmentation, liquidity, and leveraging techniques. Advanced asset allocation methods and practical considerations like taxes, fees, and behavioral biases are also explored.
We Prepare You With Over
- 38,700+ Words in manuals
- 365+ Minutes of video
- 45+ Assignments questions
- 175+ Quiz and Exam questions
Performance Measurement
This module covers key techniques for evaluating portfolio performance and selecting investment managers. Topics include return and risk attribution, benchmarking, and distinguishing skill from luck. The module also explores investment manager selection frameworks, considering both qualitative and quantitative factors, and concludes with an overview of Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS) compliance.
We Prepare You With Over
- 20,800+ Words in manuals
- 185+ Minutes of video
- 25+ Assignments questions
- 75+ Quiz and Exam questions
Derivatives and Risk Management
This module explores key strategies for managing portfolios using options, swaps, futures, and forwards. It covers position equivalencies, spread strategies, managing interest rate and currency risks, and the role of derivatives in asset allocation. The module also introduces currency management, including hedging techniques, active currency strategies, and considerations for emerging markets.
We Prepare You With Over
- 21,800+ Words in manuals
- 225+ Minutes of video
- 20+ Assignments questions
- 115+ Quiz and Exam questions
Ethical and Professional Standards
This module explores the topic of ethics in the investment profession. Practical applications of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct are illustrated through case studies. The module concludes with two real-world violations and their resulting regulatory actions.
We Prepare You With Over
- 12,100+ Words in manuals
- 150+ Minutes of video
- 15+ Assignments questions
- 70+ Quiz and Exam questions
Portfolio Management
(If this is not your selected specialized pathway, you may change your exam in Manage Account.)
This module covers index-based strategies, including portfolio construction, tracking error, and investor activism. It also examines active equity strategies such as factor-based, top-down, and bottom-up approaches, alongside portfolio construction techniques. Additionally, it addresses fixed-income strategies, yield curve dynamics, credit risk management, and practical trade execution and liquidity management.
We Prepare You With Over
- 44,600+ Words in manuals
- 450+ Minutes of video
- 55+ Assignments questions
- 200+ Quiz and Exam questions
Level III Private Markets 2025 Curriculum
Topics, Weights, and Content Offerings
Asset Allocation
This module focuses on forecasting market returns and building effective asset allocations. It addresses economic data challenges, strategic asset allocation, and advanced techniques like the Black-Litterman model. Real-world considerations such as liquidity, taxes, and behavioral biases are also explored, providing a well-rounded approach to asset allocation strategies.
We Prepare You With Over
- 27,700+ Words in manuals
- 270+ Minutes of video
- 40+ Assignments questions
- 155+ Quiz and Exam questions
Portfolio Construction
This module covers the roles of equities and fixed-income in portfolios, including capital appreciation, income, diversification, and cost management. It addresses active vs. passive strategies, segmentation, liquidity, and leveraging techniques. Advanced asset allocation methods and practical considerations like taxes, fees, and behavioral biases are also explored.
We Prepare You With Over
- 38,700+ Words in manuals
- 365+ Minutes of video
- 45+ Assignments questions
- 175+ Quiz and Exam questions
Performance Measurement
This module covers key techniques for evaluating portfolio performance and selecting investment managers. Topics include return and risk attribution, benchmarking, and distinguishing skill from luck. The module also explores investment manager selection frameworks, considering both qualitative and quantitative factors, and concludes with an overview of Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS) compliance.
We Prepare You With Over
- 20,800+ Words in manuals
- 185+ Minutes of video
- 25+ Assignments questions
- 75+ Quiz and Exam questions
Derivatives and Risk Management
This module explores key strategies for managing portfolios using options, swaps, futures, and forwards. It covers position equivalencies, spread strategies, managing interest rate and currency risks, and the role of derivatives in asset allocation. The module also introduces currency management, including hedging techniques, active currency strategies, and considerations for emerging markets.
We Prepare You With Over
- 21,800+ Words in manuals
- 225+ Minutes of video
- 20+ Assignments questions
- 115+ Quiz and Exam questions
Ethical and Professional Standards
This module explores the topic of ethics in the investment profession. Practical applications of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct are illustrated through case studies. The module concludes with two real-world violations and their resulting regulatory actions.
We Prepare You With Over
- 12,100+ Words in manuals
- 150+ Minutes of video
- 15+ Assignments questions
- 70+ Quiz and Exam questions
Private Markets
(If this is not your selected specialized pathway, you may change your exam in Manage Account.)
This module explores key aspects of private investments, including structures, manager skills, liquidity, and performance metrics. It covers private equity strategies, debt options, special situations, and private real estate. The module also examines infrastructure investments, highlighting due diligence, valuation methods, and risk-return profiles across various private market asset classes.
We Prepare You With Over
- 33,600+ Words in manuals
- 230+ Minutes of video
- 55+ Assignments questions
- 90+ Quiz and Exam questions
Level III Private Wealth 2025 Curriculum
Topics, Weights, and Content Offerings
Asset Allocation
This module focuses on forecasting market returns and building effective asset allocations. It addresses economic data challenges, strategic asset allocation, and advanced techniques like the Black-Litterman model. Real-world considerations such as liquidity, taxes, and behavioral biases are also explored, providing a well-rounded approach to asset allocation strategies.
We Prepare You With Over
- 27,700+ Words in manuals
- 270+ Minutes of video
- 40+ Assignments questions
- 155+ Quiz and Exam questions
Portfolio Construction
This module covers the roles of equities and fixed-income in portfolios, including capital appreciation, income, diversification, and cost management. It addresses active vs. passive strategies, segmentation, liquidity, and leveraging techniques. Advanced asset allocation methods and practical considerations like taxes, fees, and behavioral biases are also explored.
We Prepare You With Over
- 38,700+ Words in manuals
- 365+ Minutes of video
- 45+ Assignments questions
- 175+ Quiz and Exam questions
Performance Measurement
This module covers key techniques for evaluating portfolio performance and selecting investment managers. Topics include return and risk attribution, benchmarking, and distinguishing skill from luck. The module also explores investment manager selection frameworks, considering both qualitative and quantitative factors, and concludes with an overview of Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS) compliance.
We Prepare You With Over
- 20,800+ Words in manuals
- 185+ Minutes of video
- 25+ Assignments questions
- 75+ Quiz and Exam questions
Derivatives and Risk Management
This module explores key strategies for managing portfolios using options, swaps, futures, and forwards. It covers position equivalencies, spread strategies, managing interest rate and currency risks, and the role of derivatives in asset allocation. The module also introduces currency management, including hedging techniques, active currency strategies, and considerations for emerging markets.
We Prepare You With Over
- 21,800+ Words in manuals
- 225+ Minutes of video
- 20+ Assignments questions
- 115+ Quiz and Exam questions
Ethical and Professional Standards
This module explores the topic of ethics in the investment profession. Practical applications of the Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct are illustrated through case studies. The module concludes with two real-world violations and their resulting regulatory actions.
We Prepare You With Over
- 12,100+ Words in manuals
- 150+ Minutes of video
- 15+ Assignments questions
- 70+ Quiz and Exam questions
Private Wealth
(If this is not your selected specialized pathway, you may change your exam in Manage Account.)
This module explores key elements of managing private wealth, including industry structure, client segmentation, fee models, and regulatory principles. It covers working with wealthy clients, family dynamics, estate and investment planning, and wealth preservation. Topics also include managing concentrated positions, advising multijurisdictional families, and strategies for wealth transfer, offering a comprehensive overview of private wealth management.
We Prepare You With Over
- 44,900+ Words in manuals
- 310+ Minutes of video
- 50+ Assignments questions
- 105+ Quiz and Exam questions
Learn From CFA Experts
Study Tips From Our Instructors
Keep It Quick
Constructed response questions can be intimidating. But remember they expect your answers to be brief. So don't write in full paragraphs, or elaborate too much on minor details. Answer the questions with short phrases, focusing on what's most important to truly answer the question.
Manage Your Time
Time management is critically important for Level III. If you find yourself getting stuck on a question, move on to another one. You can come back to challenging questions later, but you will regret it if you run out of time before you have a chance to get to all of the questions that you can answer correctly. As you go through the various topics, think about how the content might be tested. Any topic may be tested in either the morning or afternoon session, but some types of questions are better suited for the constructed response format than others. Similarly, certain types of questions are a better fit for the multiple-choice format that is used in the afternoon session.
Invest the Time
Constructed response questions are all about partial credit. To pass the exam, your focus should be on gathering as many partial credit points as possible. Therefore, for the constructed response questions, always try to share your thought process as needed. Even if you feel like you cannot arrive at the final answer, write all the important steps or points down clearly.
Exam Features
CFA Level III
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The Level 1 and Level 2 exams focused more on learning standard financial knowledge, the comprehension of investment valuation, and application. CFA Level 3 focuses on wealth planning and portfolio management.
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In addition to focusing on portfolio management and wealth planning, the CFA Level 3 exam also covers seven topics split between two parts: Professional and Ethical Standards, and Asset Classes.
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The CFA Level 3 exam occurs two times a year and consists of both essay-type and item-set questions. It is divided into two 2-hour and 12-minute sessions for a total of 4 hours and 24 minutes.
Get Started on Level III Today
If you’re reading this, you’re ready to earn your CFA charter. And our team of educators is here to support you along the way. Begin your journey with a Salt Solutions account.
Frequrenty Asked Questions
CFA Level 3 Exam Prep with Salt Solutions
How Can I Effectively Prepare for the CFA Level III Exam?
To effectively prepare for the CFA Level III exam, it is critical to understand the exam’s structure and content. Start by reviewing the curriculum thoroughly and focusing on understanding the concepts rather than just memorizing facts. Practice problem-solving and apply the knowledge you have gained from your studies thus far. Take CFA Level 3 mock exams to test yourself and understand your weak areas.
How Are CFA Level 3 Mock Exams Provided for Practice for the CFA Level III Exam?
CFA Level 3 mock exams are an essential part of the preparation process. They provide a realistic simulation of the actual exam and help identify areas where further study is needed. Our self-grading rubric for Level III allows you to assess your performance and understand where you stand in your preparation. It provides detailed feedback on your strengths and weaknesses, enabling you to focus your study efforts effectively.
What is the Focus of the CFA Level III Exam Compared to Levels I and II?
While Level I and II exams focus on foundational knowledge and application of concepts, Level III emphasizes portfolio management and wealth planning. It requires a deeper understanding of the topics and the ability to apply this knowledge in practical, real-world scenarios. Starting with the 2025 CFA Level 3 exam, there will be three distinct pathways for Level 3. You will have the ability to choose between Private Wealth, Private Markets, and Portfolio Management.
How Can I Start My CFA Level III Exam Preparation Journey?
Starting your CFA Level III exam preparation journey involves setting a study schedule, understanding the exam format, and getting familiar with the exam syllabus. Make use of our available resources like study guides, online courses, and CFA Level 3 mock exams to maximize your preparation effectiveness. Also consider which CFA pathway you will choose.
What Support Is Available for CFA Level III Exam Preparation?
Various support mechanisms are available for your CFA Level III exam preparation. These include comprehensive study materials, online courses, mentorship programs, and discussion forums. These CFA Level 3 exam resources provide the necessary guidance and support to help you navigate through the preparation process effectively.